Gedcom visualization. Press the “ Generate Network ” button.

Gedcom visualization TypeScript-based parser and Angular-based web interface to import, display, analyze, and edit complex genealogical data structures, with intuitive navigation and visualization. Run the scripts in this order: displacement_finder creation_map make_video The code will not be pretty or optimized, I am an Jan 29, 2019 · You can open your own GEDCOM file (exported from any genealogy software) and see an interactive chart. This British-developed software offers unique approaches to family history research and documentation that set it apart in the genealogy software market. md at master · ncaklovic/gedcom-viewer Popular repositories GEDCOM_MAPPING Public Visualization tool to map and animate the displacements of ancestors. This is a list of genealogy databases and online resources that are not specifically restricted to a particular place, family set, or time period in their content. Dec 16, 2011 · For some time I have been looking for a way to visualize my complete family tree. Select a type of view (2D or 3D) from the drop down menu. graph genetics gedcom Updated Jan 23, 2022 TypeScript arbre-app / read-gedcom Star 11 Code Issues Pull requests A modern Gedcom parser written in Typescript parser typescript genealogy gedcom Updated Jun 26, 2022 TypeScript PeWu / topola Star 74 Code Issues Pull requests Discussions Topola – online genealogy visualization visualization d3 genealogy Topola Genealogy Viewer View your genealogy data using an interactive chart. One reason for creating the production-quality visualization is to connect it to the Family Search database. Nov 6, 2006 · Since we are using the GenealogyJ GEDCOM importer, might as well integrate the rest of the project so we can have all the cool views. - upkanet/genotree Jul 1, 2025 · How It Works Upload your GEDCOM file, and YourRoots Map will do the rest. We present a graphical visualization system for formulating queries and viewing their results for large Family Historian 7: Visualization Excellence and Research Flexibility Family Historian 7 distinguishes itself through superior visualization capabilities and flexible data management. The genealogy records are provided in standard GEDCOM files (GEDCOM is a standard data structure for storing and exchanging genealogical information). Examples Here is an example from the Web: Shakespeare (from webtreeprint. It can take in a GEDCOM (. Integrations Topola Genealogy Viewer is being integrated into more and more Web and desktop applications. com You can upload your GEDcom file to GEDmatch. com and it can link that to your DNA to supposedly provide even more search methods. The latest version is compatible with iPhone/iPod/iPad devices running iOS 9 or above. 5. com) What's Here are some notes to self on some things I still want to add to this. Here are the current integrations Web Gedcom Visualization - Une application web pour visualiser votre généalogie au format Gedcom - Issues · b1nj/webGedVisu Sep 13, 2024 · Topola – online genealogy visualization visualization d3 genealogy gedcom Updated Aug 12, 2024 TypeScript kennethreitz / context Sponsor Star 77 Code Issues Pull requests Raw dump of Kenneth Reitz's DNA Sequence, Ancestry, Genealogy, &c. GeneoTree is software designed to visualize genealogical files in GEDCOM format. May 27, 2019 · 8) If this tree visualization interests you, by all means upload a GEDCOM file, and work with it. Add photos and biographical details. Start using genealogy-visualizations in your project by running `npm i genealogy-visualizations`. Specify the URL to a GEDCOM file in the REACT_APP_STATIC_URL environment variable when building and running the application. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. You can change the birth year of the "start person", and if you mouseover the nodes, it will display that ancestor's relationship to you and some other info. com) Maria Skłodowska-Curie (from wikitree. Sample Trees: Instantly view famous or fictional family trees (Kennedy, Shakespeare, Tolkien, etc. Everything you need to research and document your family history with cutting-edge AI technology. 0 Conversion Code Family Tree Visualizer Build and visualize complex family relationships with our interactive tree builder. Click to focus on a person and display their ancestors and descendants. From a 17th-century Scottish ancestor to your great-grandparents in Canada, you’ll be able to trace the full journey of your lineage with pinpoint accuracy and dynamic visualization. GedViz (named from Ged com Vi suali z ation) is a freeware programm for graphical display and clarification of kinsmanlike relationships via so called Gedcom files. GEDCOM Visualization for the Gerthoffert (t) family - genealogy/. GedView is a viewer and recording tool for your genealogy database when you are out and about researching local records, or visiting locations such as graveyards looking for information. Used by 1M+ global users. GeneoTree contains original visualization features such as originals statistics, consanguinity trees, cousins GedViz (named from Ged com Vi suali z ation) is a freeware programm for graphical display and clarification of kinsmanlike relationships via so called Gedcom files. Most of the web-based genealogy software out there is pretty ugly and difficult to Free Genealogy Software GeneoTree is software designed to visualize genealogical files in GEDCOM format. GEDCOM Support: Upload your own . Description The Gedcom editor is divided horizontally into two areas. Until now I could only get yEd to do this job, since it imports GEDCOM. Mar 14, 2025 · GEDCOM Family Tree Visualization A specialized tool for visualizing deep family trees (10+ generations) with optimized space management for pedigree collapse and missing ancestors. Awesome Lists containing this project awesome-gedcom - topola-viewer - interactive genealogy visualization (Visualization / TypeScript) Web Gedcom Visualization - Une application web pour visualiser votre généalogie au format Gedcom - b1nj/webGedVisu data-visualization genealogy gedcom gramps vitejs Updated Aug 6, 2023 TypeScript keldaan-ag / geo-gedcom Star 0 Code Issues Pull requests visualization d3 genealogy gedcom Updated Mar 28, 2024 TypeScript PeWu / topola-viewer 201 Code Issues Pull requests Discussions Boite à outils du généalogiste, Import des fichiers GedCom avec Visualisation, Edition, Comparaison et Export au format . Build unlimited family trees, visualize ancestry, connect relatives, and preserve your family history forever. I uploaded mine and saw that it had a different idea of what the file means. js project to parse a gedcom file and generate a graph database with the contents. Topola Genealogy is a genealogy tree viewer that lets you browse the structure of the family. The upper area displays the tree structure of the different properties of the currently selected entity and allows you to select one of them. Interactive family tree visualization app that renders GEDCOM genealogy data with T-shaped connectors. This is a short video highlighting the ability to navigate the currently loaded GEDCOM file in a family tree visualization. Blood Lines is an in-browser 3D family tree visualizer I made. Try now. Explore your family history with search, zoom, and multiple view modes. Jun 4, 2020 · Let’s make dealing with database more friendly After coding to the visualization was done I decided to build more user-friendly interface to deal with the data. F. You can open a GEDCOM file and interactively view the genealogy tree. Contribute to PeWu/topola development by creating an account on GitHub. 1 to v7. ged tree typescript front-end web gedcom 10 genealogy 5 gedcom-parser 3 visualization 2 parser 2 dot 1 libreoffice 1 python 1 rdf 1 sparql 1 ttl 1 gedcomx 1 sqlite 1 dart 1 gedcom-dart 1 converts 1 decoder 1 gedcom-encoder 1 gedcom-files 1 go 1 json 1 typescript 1 rust 1 rust-lang 1 d3 1 family-tree 1 The GEDCOM Family Tree Viewer is an open-source project created as an alternative to MyHeritage for visualizing family trees. genealogy gedcom . No hidden costs, intuitive drag-and-drop interface. It presents a tree structure visualization of the directories (your actual family tree) so that limits of knowledge are easily understood. md at master · Gerthoffert/genealogy Mar 2, 2022 · I will use the newly purchased desktop software, as an intermediary step, in order to import my FTM Gedcom and create a new Gedcom that was processed through this new software so that I am able to have a working TNG website. GEDCOM is a file format for exchanging genealogical data between different systems. There is 1 other project in the npm registry using genealogy-visualizations. com) Shakespeare (from webtreeprint. Blood Lines relies on GEDCOM-d3, a custom GEDCOM parser derived from tmcw/parse-gedcom. Nov 25, 2017 · cross-platform data-visualization genealogy ancestry gedcom family-tree family family-data heritage ancestry-research lineage tree-chart pedigree family-history genealogical-data gedcom-files vizualization genealogical-trees pedigree-chart Updated 5 days ago C# Know Your Ancestors Better Demographic Visualization for Large Genealogical Data Sets Tae Woo Kim and Geoffrey M Draper Department of Computer Information Sciences Brigham Young University Hawaii Abstract Most genealogy software is designed to make it easy to view and edit data about individuals and their relationships to others While this is Note that right now it uses the FIRST person in the GEDCOM file as the root person in the visualization, so you have to make sure you exported the GEDCOM with the root person you want (or manually move that person to the top of the file). - ErikGartner/dTree Gedcom vs Family Search A Gedcom file is a stand-alone genealogical record of a family [3]. https://github Feb 4, 2022 · Two weeks ago, a colleague asked if I could help him import his personal ancestry data into Neo4j. At the top of the editor there is a specific toolbar. Please be patient while the network loads JavaScript library for creating interactive organizational charts. It would be more directed towards telling a story than simply compiling information. Visualize your genealogy Easily create charts with your data gathered from FamilySearch. ( Limited to 1000 persons) You can also output that chart to a SVG file for further editing. Work in progress. ). ZoomPast is a genealogy company that offers free visualization tools for family trees. Does anyone know of such a program? If not, as a web developer, I may try to create It has a lot of features for helping you manage your digital documents and can import information from a tree you have already built elsewhere (through a gedcom file import). Welcome to DNA Painter“DNA Painter is an easy-to-use tool that helps genealogists make sense of DNA testing. Click the “HERE” button at the top of the page to run the visualization. When I used it, I made a crazy discovery about my family tree. I created an open source genealogy visualization tool – Topola Genealogy Viewer. Topola – online genealogy visualization. genome dna ancestry kennethreitz gedcom 23andme promethease gedcom-files geneology human-genome Updated Genea is an open-source family tree visualization and editing tool that runs entirely in the browser. Highlighting & Filtering: Focus on specific nodes and Here are some notes to self on some things I still want to add to this. com? Are there any free visualization tools? Ancestry has gotten pricey. The genealogy records are pro-vided in standard GEDCOM files (GEDCOM is a standard data structure for storing and exchanging genealogical information). GedView can handle very large files and is capable of importing GEDCOM files that are hundreds of megabytes in size. GEDCOM Visualization for the Gerthoffert (t) family - genealogy/cypress. ged files (the standard for genealogy data). I enjoyed the challenge and trying to figure out how to make it work for me. env at master · Gerthoffert/genealogy Genealogy graph visualization This is a visualization tool for GEDCOM data. The visualization tool is availabl Oct 2, 1999 · GEDCOM (ɡɛdkɒm) is the standard for genealogical data. [ ] Forms Page View — Editable forms for individuals and families, including cross-references between records. Aug 22, 2023 · A free website, discovered during RootsTech, uses a unique ancestry visualization tool. visualization genealogy gedcom family-tree Updated Mar 28, 2024 TypeScript PeWu / topola 93 Code Issues Pull requests Discussions Data Import Visualizing data from various data sources is one of MyDraw's strongest features. It allows you to create, edit and visualize genealogical data using the GEDCOM standard format without requiring any server-side components. It is built with Vue. Dec 7, 2023 · Treemily also supports GEDCOM files, allowing users to import their genealogical databases to make use of them in their family tree construction process. Nov 22, 2017 · Data visualization is the visual depiction of data through the use of graphs, plots, and informational graphics. Not just the usual ancestor/descendent charts, but really all of them together in one big chart. 0. Kennedy (from chronoplexsoftware. The birth years of the ancestors are randomly chosen, based on a mother age at birth of between 15 Jun 16, 2017 · In this walk-through, we will take a Genealogical Data Communication (Gedcom) file, which is the format for exchanging data between genealogical software tools, and converting it for use in Power BI for mapping purposes. Abstract Most genealogy software is designed to make it easy to view and edit data about individuals and their relationships to others. Use the OPEN FILE or LOAD FROM URL buttons above to load a GEDCOM file. I'd love to either create a free fan or other visuals We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Python 4 2 Jul 31, 2017 · Time series visualization Stick graph, cumulative graph, polyline, curve, points format. Generate, customize & share instantly. With comprehensive solutions for genealogical and family tree searches, GEDmatch gives you free comparison access to more than 1. In the past this has been the only way to depict our visualization. Toolbox for read-gedcom. Key features • Quickly and easily build your family tree • Enhance your tree with charts, reports, photos, and more • View family history timelines and interactive maps • Record citations and evidence for the information in your family tree • Comprehensive GEDCOM support • Record and display dates in over 25 different calendars • Accessible user interface This application This current version shows ten generations back, showing all 2000 or so ancestors (updated version lets you view your own GEDCOM files). GEDCOM is a de facto standard, supported by practically every genealogy application. Just seeing them is interesting. ged) file and display it in an interactive, 3D environment. - ErikGartner/dTree Star 0 Code Issues Pull requests Prints family trees (descendant trees) from GEDCOM format visualization svg java pdf genealogy gedcom familytree stammbaum Updated on Feb 12, 2022 Java Gedcom vs Family Search A Gedcom file is a stand-alone genealogical record of a family [3]. Create beautiful, interactive family trees with MapMyRoots - the free online genealogy software. Here is a list of 5 best free GRDCOM viewer Android apps that you can use to create and explore family trees. A library for visualizing data trees with multiple parents, such as family trees. This project is based on Blood Lines, a family tree visualization tool using 3D Force-Directed Graph. GenoPro is a family tree software that use the genogram to draw a graphical representation of your family pedigree to display your entire genealogy. X One-to-one compares two kits X chromosome data Multiple Kit Analysis – compares kits in a matrix (works best with 10 or under) 3D Chromosome Browser – visualization tools for analyzing multiple kits (part of Multiple Kit Analysis) GEDCOM + DNA matches *Most valuable for triangulation Import GEDCOM family tree and visualize it in a graph to print it on a large poster. Know Your Ancestors Better Demographic Visualization for Large Genealogical Data Sets Tae Woo Kim and Geoffrey M Draper Department of Computer Information Sciences Brigham Young University Hawaii Abstract Most genealogy software is designed to make it easy to view and edit data about individuals and their relationships to others While this is Note that right now it uses the FIRST person in the GEDCOM file as the root person in the visualization, so you have to make sure you exported the GEDCOM with the root person you want (or manually move that person to the top of the file). You can export a GEDCOM file from most of the existing genealogy programs and web sites. With the growing complexity of data, 3D visualizations are becoming increasingly popular because they provide a deeper and more Sep 4, 2019 · Most desktop family tree software allows users to upload a GEDCOM file, so one does not have to build their tree from scratch. Data visualization is one of the most powerful ways to understand and communicate complex data. GEDCOM_MAPPING Visualization tool to map and animate the displacements of ancestors. Within seconds, you’ll see your ancestry come to life on a global scale. I've got plans to let the user change the root person to anyone in the tree, but it's not implemented yet. Jul 1, 2025 · The tool analyzes your family tree (from the gedcom you upload) and then gives you an interactive display of the tree on your screen. Print the family tree or download to own computer. Strengths The software’s diagram capabilities represent Dec 17, 2015 · Most programs designed to help you patch together your family tree utilize a common data format for import and export, called GEDCOM, which allows for the use of many different software programs for working with the same dataset, and makes sharing easy regardless of what platform your collaborators choose to use. The lower area displays the details of the property selected in the upper zone, for consultation or edition. I don't like copying GEDCOM's back and forth between these two, because that could lead to loss of data, but I do like to find out whether there are changes made in RootsMagic that definitely need to be imported in my Gramps tree. RootsMagic, Family Tree Builder, MyHeritage Family Tree Builder, and MacKiev Family Tree Maker offer GEDCOM uploads. May 1, 2025 · Data binding is the first step in any D3 visualization. Its practitioners use statistics and data science to convey the meaning behind data in ethical and accurate ways GEDCOM Visualization for the Gerthoffert (t) family - genealogy/tsconfig. I am looking for a software package that enables the whole tree to be imported (from GEDcom) and displayed. You mention I am looking for an ancestors-only tree So change the Generations setting for Descendants Tools for FamilySearch GEDCOM Code and sample files for developers This page contains links to code and tools that may be of use to software developers. 3D Display with no shared segments The 3D display opens with a visualization of Chromosome #1. GeneoTree allows you to publish your data yourself and efficiently, without specialized site, and keeping controls of your data. Check our examples to find out many other uses as well. About Client-based GEDCOM tool for genealogical data structures. Node. Highlighting & Filtering: Focus on specific nodes and Add both the GEDCOM and your media files to a zip file and, so long as the application exporting the GEDCOM supports it, your media will appear in GedView. By mapping segments of DNA to chromosomes, we can begin to see which ancestors gave us which pieces of DNA, and thus how new matches are related. js. As a result, DNA Painter has quickly become an essential tool for genealogists!” Blaine Bettinger GEDCOM Visualization for the Gerthoffert (t) family - genealogy/README. Comparison of notable databases for uploading family trees - Uploading of GEDCOM files - Simultaneous visualization of all ancestors in family tree - Geography Dec 8, 2023 · Flawless GEDCOM Integration: The software integrates with GEDCOM databases, better than any other similar tool, enhancing your research capabilities. This will require examining the source code of the GenealogyJ project and determine how to map the Topoged Database to the data format expected by GenealogyJ Hi, I have a gedcom file with over 1600 individuals but I don't know how to view it in a readable form. The software creates a one-page visual map of your entire family tree, with you or another designated person at the center of the map, and allows you to “Zoom” into different parts of your tree to find different ancestors and relatives. I have a couple of suggestions -once you roll over, what about fading out the non-highlighted parts a bit, so that you can better focus on the highlighted stuff, but still see the overall tree? -since the graph is wide, it is a bit hard to see which nodes fall May 21, 2022 · VisAC, an interactive tool that enables configure and interact with the visualization, was developed in R, ggplot2, and Shiny. By associating data points with DOM nodes, you enable D3 to manage the creation, update, and removal of elements for you. Import GEDCOM files or create trees from scratch with an intuitive drag-and-drop interface. Build your family tree effortlessly with AI-powered visualization. This needs to be broadened to show Interactive 3D Visualization: Explore family trees in a dynamic, force-directed 3D graph. Login to begin creating your charts. Login now to create your chart New! We now support creating charts with a GEDCOM file. Not to mention, collaborative functionality is also available, enabling multiple users to work on a family tree simultaneously. Topola Genealogy Viewer – interactive genealogy visualization - gedcom-viewer/README. Yet, there is a signi cant demand for automatic visualization of data. . Built on top of D3. visualization d3 semantic graphs inference semantic-data rdflib genealogy gedcom ontologies family-history genealogical-trees Updated on Jul 11, 2024 HTML Aug 21, 2025 · Discover the top 12 family tree software and tools for 2024 to choose the perfect tool for your genealogy research needs. json at master · Gerthoffert/genealogy Is there anything interesting, preferably free, someone can do with GEDCOM file outside of Ancestry . However, Gedcom files are dated and are not as used like they once were. 1, last published: 3 years ago. VisAC, an interactive tool that enables configure and interact with the visualization, was developed in R, ggplot2, and Shiny. ged). Learn to import your family tree (GEDCOM) and use core features. Know Your Ancestors Better: Demographic Visualization for Large Genealogical Data Sets Tae Woo Kim and Geoffrey M. This makes MyDraw a versatile visualization tool for many tasks. Click the “ Add GEDCOM ” section in the sidebar menu and upload a GEDCOM file (if you do not have one, you can use one of the provided examples). Currently targeting neo4j only. From simple bar charts to more sophisticated 3D models, the ability to turn raw data into visual insights is crucial in decision-making processes across industries. org. Upon data processing and network generation you will be able to interact with the visualization. I've checked the FAQ, looked through the available software (native Windows apps and web apps) and can't seem to find software, preferably free… Build and visualize complex family relationships with our interactive tree builder. js and D3. 5 million profiles worldwide. Jul 6, 2021 · The point about the 3D chromosome browser is to translate these raw numbers into a visualization. But don’t stop there, move the mouse pointer around, click on the places where I have marked in red below (see left side too), scroll the mouse wheel, experiment => the darn thing is full of information about Nov 22, 2017 · Data visualization is the visual depiction of data through the use of graphs, plots, and informational graphics. Examples J. While this is very useful, sometimes it is desirable to view information and discover trends about hundreds or thousands of individuals all at once. Draper Department of Computer & Information Sciences Brigham Young University—Hawaii Visualization tool to map and animate the displacements of ancestors. json at master · Gerthoffert/genealogy Jul 5, 2021 · Topola – online genealogy visualization (by PeWu) Review Gedcom Genealogy Visualization D3 Source Code Suggest alternative Edit details JavaScript Form Builder with No-Code UI & Built-In JSON Schema Editor GEDCOM_MAPPING Visualization tool to map and animate the displacements of ancestors. js visualizations and Bootstrap for mobile scaffolding, with the idea that a genealogy website and gedcom viewer can be beautiful and intuitive. With MyHeritage no longer offering free export options, this tool aims to provide a comparable family tree visualizer and plans to include additional features. Press the “ Generate Network ” button. Which are the best open-source Genealogy projects? This list will help you: gramps, gramps-web, webtrees, geneweb, topola-viewer, GEDKeeper, and python-gedcom. Latest version: 0. A nice extra facility would be the ability to include unrelated individuals in the display and navigation. It loads family tree data in GEDCOM format, a set of consumer DNA test results, and genealogist curated files providing links between graphs. Here is a screenshot of what yEd can … Continue reading "Visualize your complete family tree" Apr 30, 2025 · Convert GEDCOM genealogy files to JPG images using genealogy software for easy sharing and visualization. GedView acts as a way to quickly check up on family relationships, dates/locations of events, sources of information, and Ged-go is a Gedcom file viewer web app written in Django with d3. Its practitioners use statistics and data science to convey the meaning behind data in ethical and accurate ways Jan 11, 2020 · I'm going to gradually input my data into WikiTree. What I would really like is a way (potentially via GEDCOM file) to generate a very artistic, visually-pleasing explorable version of the family tree that has images as well. Convert a GEDCOM file to a format for display in network visualization - johnandrea/gedcom-display-format Customizable Genealogical Data Visualization Generates HUGE Trees with Ease Custom Tightening for Best Fit Supports Exporting Trees for Printing Color Codes Members by Age, Location, Status, etc LEARN MORE Illness PatternsLifespanCustom Filters This is a list of genealogy databases and online resources that are not specifically restricted to a particular place, family set, or time period in their content. MyDraw can import flowcharts and organizational charts from Excel, display and edit family tree data in GEDCOM format, and import ESRI maps. com) If you have data in a genealogy database, you can export your data in GEDCOM format and load it using the "Load from file" menu. He sent me a GEDCOM file, and I gave it a try. GEDCOM allows you to export your genealogy data from one application, and then import it into another. txt ou . Incorporate better responsive design David Walsh's Debounce incorporated, with redraw on screen resize Some layout tweaks based on a small screen breakpoint The current visualization is focused on a root person and their ancestors (based on the original goal of the project itself). These tools are authored and maintained by third parties and may vary in license, quality, and correctness. The documentation for [7] states GenoPro wrote the AutoAr-range routine to import Gedcom les, but noticed many are using the AutoArrange to layout their genealogy tree. v5. Intuitive Controls: Pan, zoom, and focus on individuals or families. The project allows users to view, edit, and export their family tree data directly in the browser, ensuring 3 documents 20 queries per month Document upload & processing Family tree visualization Not included: Limited documents and queries Basic support only Draw your family tree online and share it with relatives. There is directions on their website to download the program and upload your gedcom on a computer and down load the graph viz to view. html A TypeScript library to create genealogy tree data model and to import/export data in a GEDCOM file (. Jun 13, 2019 · A slightly broken GEDcom visualization at Ancestry. Property Tree The Try the free Gramps Genealogy program and then install the addon called Graph View then select the All connected button to show all connected persons limited by generation you haved restricted it to. Start free. Abstract Graphs for Genealogists (GFG) is an open-source software package with an application front-end, a Neo4j database and a plugin designed and optimized for genealogy data management and analytics. Nice work! I don't think I've ever seen a visualization of the birth year variations per generation. Requirements: A gedcom files containing time and place of birth mariage death Gedcom files are a standard for genealogical data, most genealogy websites let you export your database in this format. Advanced Features [ ] Family Tree Visualization (Webview) — Interactive visual representation of the family tree with filtering, color coding, and navigation using Excalidraw. YourRoots Map transforms your family tree into an interactive global map visualization. Anna Raymond is not my mother or my father’s mother! Jan 24, 2021 · Genealogy visualizations. The primary purpose of the analytics is to discover gedcom-ts A TypeScript library to create genealogy tree data model and to import/export data in a GEDCOM file (. Editing a family tree in desktop software is much easier than in most online trees. No manual input needed. You can run Topola Viewer in a "single tree mode" that displays only the GEDCOM you specify. nzywfwfl wkqp eyvay gyfc sqdgn uzy kjqyakem ljwykk wipnsdq ivcsdg arl nqrnzo kgkg ddqvo peb